1. Platerality
Various factors in the environment (physics, chemical, biological, and society do not exist in isolation, but to depend on each other, influence each other, and interconnect each other.For example, the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and other substances in the environment have an inseparable connection between the global cycle and the overall environment. As the supersonic aircraft flying in the flat stratum is increasingly frequent, nitrogen oxides, chloride hydrocarbons (Freon) and other entering stratums lead to the destruction of Ozone layer, which weakens the ability to block strong ultraviolet radiation and weaken the protection of the ozone layer on ground creatures; the combustion of coal, oil and other energy causes the content of gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Increasing has caused the average temperature of the earth to rise, constitutes the greenhouse effect*(Greenhouse Effect); social factors such as surge in population and resource abuse will also affect the overall environment.These situations show that changes in a certain environmental factors are closely related to the overall environment.Therefore, while human beings create civilization, they should pay full attention to reasonable development and scientific utilization of resources, adjust and standardize their social behavior, protect the environment, and protect health.
2. Regional
In addition to the overall characteristics, the environment also has regional characteristics.For example, the impact of harmful wastewater discharged by the factory and mines on the pollution of the water system is mostly limited to the environment and residents of a certain area of downstream coasts, and the impact of harmful gases discharged by factory and mines on the pollution of atmospheric is mostly to affected the factory and mines as the center (especially the downwind areas are regions.) Environmental quality and residents’ health in the region.Another example is natural epidemic (biological) local diseases and chemical elemental (gexicity) local diseases also have strict local regional characteristics. Natural epidemic diseases are compatible with natural geographical conditions in the region.And the selective survival characteristics of the host’s living habits determine the regional characteristics of the natural epidemic local disease.The regional characteristics of chemical elemental local diseases are determined by the distribution of natural factors such as geological geology, and the distribution of geomorphic elements on the earth shell is not uniform, so they present obvious regional characteristics.
Third, more variability
The variability of environmental factors refers to the change of the environment from the internal structure to the external state under the action of nature and biological transformation and people’s social behavior.The significance of human understanding of the characteristics of the environmental variability is that it can promote the active and coordinated movement of the nature and the nature of the nature, so that the environmental changes are conducive to the survival and development of human beings, reduce and eliminate the role of adverse environmental factors, prevent environmental degradation and protection of health.Essence
Fourth, biological enrichment
Also known as organism concentration refers to the process of absorbing a certain concentration element with a very low concentration from the surrounding environment or gradually accumulating, so that the concentration of the element or compound in the organism exceeds the concentration of the concentration in the environment.The degree of biofex is represented by the enrichment coefficient, that is, the ratio of a certain element or difficulty decomposing substances in the biological growth environment in the biological growth environment.This coefficient is related to the type and concentration of elements in the environment, the physiological and biochemical characteristics and environmental factors of different creatures.According to reports, seawater is contaminated by DDT, with a concentration of 0.00005 ppm; after the enrichment of plankton, its body can reach 0.04ppm (about 1,000 times rich); after fish swallow -float organisms, further enriches 2.07 in the fish body to 2.07PPM (enriched about 40,000 times), and the fish swallowed through the waterbird. Eventually, the rich in the bird’s body could be as high as 75.5 ppm (about 1 million times), causing a large number of poisoning or death of water birds.
The conditions that must be available for biofessions are: ① Environmental chemical substances are easily absorbed by various organisms; ② The environmental chemical substances entering the biological body are more difficult to decompose and excrete;Cardinal damage to the organism; ④ Biomassage is mostly performed through the food chain (a variety of organisms in the biological system, transmitting substances and energy step by step by step with the relationship between feeding and feeding, and each other with interdependent chain relationships.Called food chain).
5. ENVIRONMENTAL SELF-PURIFICATION
Refers to the process of reducing the concentration or total of pollutants under the influence of physical, chemical or biological factors.The reduction speed and quantity are different due to the different environmental structure and state.Environmental self -purification is an important way to eliminate environmental pollutants by using the environmental factors itself (physical purification, chemical purification, and biological purification) to eliminate environmental pollutants (see environmental pollution section 4 of this chapter).
Physical purification includes dilution, mixing, turbulence, diffusion, cohesion, settlement, volatilization, and dispersion.The strength and weakness of the physical purification ability depends on the physical conditions of the environment (temperature, flow, flow, wind speed, precipitation, etc.) and the physical properties of the pollutants themselves (proportion, form, particle size, etc.).Chemical purification includes oxidation and reduction, compound decomposition, adsorption, neutralization, etc.The chemical conditions of the environment (acid and alkali, oxidation and reduction potential, temperature, chemical component, etc.) and the chemical properties of pollutants have a great impact on chemical purification.Biological purification includes biological absorption, decomposition, degradation, and transformation. For example, plants can absorb phenols and cyanide in the soil and convert them into phenologoscosin and cyanoside; phoenix lotus can absorb mercury, cadmium, arsenic and other pollutants in the water body., Its root microorganisms can degrade the organic matter in the sewage; jersey bacteria can decompose phenols, cyanocyls to carbon dioxide and water; generally need oxygen microorganisms to decompose organic matter in sewage into carbon dioxide, water, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.Organic substances can be decomposed into methane, hydrogen sulfide, sulfol, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc.The process of inorganization of pollutants (organic substances) through biological absorption, decomposition and conversion is the main way to purify biological purification.In addition, there are also organic humus humus (the decomposition and synthesis of soil microorganisms into humus, at this time, the pathogenic microorganisms and parasitic eggs are dead ash) and so on.